propaganda

Democac
Blog, capitalism, democracy, Geopolitics, Histoire, Propaganda

BINARY VISION : WESTERN DEMOCRACY VERSUS AUTHORITARIAN CHINA ? (Part II)

WHAT DOES REALLY MEAN WESTERN DEMOCRACY ? The brainwashed western elitism depicts the United States of America as the first and accomplished democracy in the world. This cliché becoming with time commonplace has been perpetuated through educational system chiefly in law schools dedicated to form and train the future on one side and political propaganda used as a powerful tool of manipulation by the wealthy and the ruling class to deceive the masses and to orient the choice of voters, propagandizing for subservient conservative and liberal candidates and parties who, once elected,would legislate in the best interests of big business and the monopolies.  

BIDE
Blog, capitalism

BINARY VISION : WESTERN DEMOCRACY VERSUS AUTHORITARIAN CHINA ? (Part I)

President Biden will convene a mix of established democracies and “emerging” ones to summit for Democracy that will take place December 9 and 10. Biden had promised such an event early in his presidency as an answer to Trump and what he and other Democrats see as his predecessor’s undermining of democratic values and American leadership. The two-day gathering of world leaders, human rights groups and others will take place just short of the first anniversary of the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol by a pro-Trump mob seeking to overturn Biden’s election victory and install Trump for a second term. Putin will be invited to the summit but it is not clear whether Biden will include other leaders such as Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan or Hungary’s Viktor Orban. Both summits will bring together heads of state, civil society, philanthropy, and the private sector to “speak honestly about the challenges facing democracy so as to collectively strengthen the foundation for democratic renewal. On his European trip, which was capped by a summit with Putin, Biden said he wanted to prove that democracies can deliver better results for their people than autocracies, despite the sometimes slow and messy process of reaching compromise. CHINA’S « AUTHORITARIANISM » IN THE CORSSHAIRS OF THE SUMMIT FOR DEMOCRACY The Summit for Democracy will galvanize commitments and initiatives across three principal themes: defending against authoritarianism, fighting corruption, and promoting respect for human rights. The event is likely to be framed in large part as an attempt to unify democratic governments in opposition to China and its efforts to spread its economic, political and military influence. Biden focused much of his first foreign trip as president on a push to confront China. Meeting with the leaders of Group of Seven democracies and with members of the European Union and NATO in June, Biden sought to rally those alliances to confront Beijing. China is also mentioned specifically in Biden’s original campaign document pledging to hold the summit, in particular Beijing’s efforts to restrict free speech through control of technology and social media. “Technology companies — which benefit from the fruits of democracy — should make concrete pledges for how they can ensure their algorithms and platforms are not empowering the surveillance state, facilitating repression in China and elsewhere,” Biden urged on his campaign website. The event was initially envisioned as a marquee gathering, probably in Washington, where democratically elected leaders would symbolically stand together in defense of free elections, free speech and other shared values. Biden has often described his view of foreign affairs as a battle for the future between the world’s true democracies and authoritarian regimes. “When authoritarian regimes point out our imperfections, I think that misses the point, because we’re not claiming perfection,” the official said. “The summit is not about perfection. What we’re saying is, we don’t shrink from scrutiny. We are always trying to use our system to improve ourselves, and because of that, I think it gives democracy a kind of powerful resilience that other systems don’t have.” To be continued PART II Why should be rejeted the binary vision of democratic West and authoritarian China ?

WAR
Blog, capitalism, European Union, Propaganda, WARS

The West calls for more agressive militarism against Russia

In Poland’s capital, Warsaw, took place the Warsaw Security Forum convened by the Casimir Pulaski Foundation (Fundacja im. Kazimierza Pułaskiego, FKP) presenting itself as independent, non-profit, and non-partisan think tank based in Warsaw, but it is in fact an Atlantist organization funded by NATO members and the EU with the main objective, disseminating anti Russian propaganda by exaggerating Russia’s threat used as pretext for arms race and more military spending. Speaking at the the Warsaw Security Forum, an event organized by the Casimir Pulaski Foundation think tank, Polish President Andrzej Duda said Oct. 5 that closer ties between NATO and the EU are required to combat Russia’s military-driven expansionism : “We need a strong partnership between NATO and the European Union that ensures a synergy of both organizations,” Duda said. “Russia is expanding its military presence and it endangers NATO not only from the east, but also from the north and south.” The president’s remarks were echoed in the speech by Paweł Soloch, the head of Poland’s National Security Bureau. “There is an ongoing development of the military potential of the Russian Federation. On our part, this creates a need for a further adaptation of NATO’s capacities, also with the use of the instruments held by the European Union,” Soloch said. “Naturally, NATO has a significantly larger potential than Russia, but on the alliance’s borders, the forces accumulated by Russia give a tactical, and, for a defined time, also an operational advantage to this country.” He added, Europe “needs to have a single strategy that merges the potential of NATO and the European Union”  Speaking during a panel at the Warsaw Security Forum on Wednesday, Lt. Gen. Tomasz Piotrowski, who leads Poland’s Armed Forces Operational Command, said the exercise enabled Moscow to test offensive measures against the alliance’s Eastern European members. The Polish commander has said Russia’s Zapad 2021 military drill with Belarus featured a wide range of hybrid warfare tools that Moscow is using to advance its regional influence. According to Piotrowski, this year’s edition of Zapad “was bigger than Zapad 2020 and 2019 — not by the number of troops, but for sure by the capabilities that were used, types of units, such as airborne, special forces, maritime and others.” RUSSIA AND BELARUS ZAPAD 21 The Russian military “announced already in January 2021 that the Zapad exercise had begun. Land exercises will take place until October 2021,” he added. Russian government news agency Tass reported July 2 that the country’s National Guard would hold the Zaslon 2021 drill later that month as part of the overarching Zapad exercise. Russia’s Defence Ministry described the exercise as “strategic,” stating that more than 200,000 troops from Russia and Belarus participated. However, Lt. Gen. Andreas Marlow, commander of the 1st German-Dutch Corps in Münster, Germany, said during the same panel that one of the challenges NATO faces is “a difference of threat perception.” NATO’s STOOGES IN THE EASTERN EUROPE Last May took place in Tapa, Estonia, large-scale exercise titled Spring Storm (Kevadtorm)  with the participation of NATO troops and the Estonian Defence Forces (EDF) “Last May, we announced that, together with our neighbors Latvia and Lithuania we will buy the MLRS for our militaries,” Laanet told Defense News during the first day of the Warsaw Security Forum, an event organized by the Casimir Pulaski Foundation think tank. “My opinion is that the Baltic states should have common capabilities to fight, but also deter any aggressor, so that they have to take us seriously.” WARSAW, Poland — Estonia is developing its defense capacities in response to Russia’s actions in the region, with multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS), air defense systems, coastal missile defense systems as well as unmanned and cyber defense capabilities ranking high in its acquisition plans, according to Estonian Defense Minister Kalle Laanet. In 2017, Lithuania signed a deal with Norway’s Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace to acquire the network centric air defense system (NASAMS). Under Estonia’s National Defence Development Plan for the years 2017 to 2026, the country is also planning to purchase a similar short- to mid-range air defense system. New unmanned capacities for the Estonian armed forces, and investing in cyber defense capabilities, developed by Estonian company Milrem Robotics producing unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) that could be supplied to the country’s military. A pilot project to build unmanned vessels for the Estonian Navy. A consortium of defense companies has been put together, and the first vessel of this type is expected to be launched in 2026.  NATO’s Baltic Air Policing mission was launched on 30 March 2004, one day after the three countries joined the alliance. Today, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania still depend on other allies, as they lack their own fighters that could be deployed to such missions. UK’s MILITARISM IN EUROPE AND THE INDO PACIFIC REGION The chairman of a parliamentary defense panel Tobias Ellwood insists London is not losing sight of its own backyard in Europe, and therefore should increase defense spending “We don’t have the luxury to work independently given the challenges we all face,” Tobias Ellwood told Defense News during the second day of the Warsaw Security Forum, an event organized by the Casimir Pulaski Foundation think tank. He added that London is intensifying efforts to boost its space and cyber capacities “But we also need a bigger Navy, and we are investing in it.” However, more funds are also required to expand the U.K.’s capabilities in other fields amid cuts to some programs. Budget cuts have already forced the country to reduce its initial F-35 fighter jet order from 138 to 48 aircraft, he noted, and the British-led effort for a sixth-generation combat jet, dubbed Tempest, is still in flux. BAE Systems is developing the aircraft in partnership with Leonardo UK, Rolls-Royce and MBDA UK. “Britain is only spending 2 percent of its [gross domestic product] on defense. But the threats ahead are collectively greater than the ones from the Cold War when we were spending 4 percent,” Ellwood said  

Propaganda
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Does Democracy really exist?

Does Democracy really exist ? What we call today democracy in the West is but a fake and trompe l’oeil democracy that has nothing to do with the very definition of the term, a government of the people, by the people and for the people. Multipartism is but a fake and trompe l’oeil multipartism as since 200 years, the political parties accepted to run for and to rise to power are those prone to protect the interests of capitalists and exploited class inside and outside the borders of the state. The history of US interventions since the end of the WWII to topple hostile regimes and to replace them by puppet ones all over the world shows that only parties or politicians subject to capitalist class imperatives can come to power.The freedom of expression is but a fake and trompe l’oeil freedom of expression as the mass media doomed to manipulate the public opinion and determine the choice of the voters in the ballot box are controlled by capitalist class and the its subservient state whose role is to tame the labor force, to reproduce classes and relations of production, to maintain oppressed layers into submission and to preserve the statu quo through laws and legislation benefiting the ruling class and both repressive apparatus police, army and ideological apparatus committed to manipulate the human psychism, to make the masses mindless, idiot, to bewitch and to deceive them

Belarus
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HOW US,UK AND EUROPEAN UNION TRIGGERED REGIME CHANGE IN BELARUS

The recent Kidnapping by Belarus of the Neo Nazi Toman Protasevith catapulted back to the top of the mainstream news the at-times fiery protests that raged across Belarus throughout 2020. Similar to previous color revolution for regime change, western propaganda created leader and Belarus was not the exception with the creation of a stooge of the west in the person of Svetlana Tikhanovskaya recognized by Western leaders as the legitimate Belarusian leader. Western propaganda has deigned to mention that for many years prior to the unrest’s eruption, London and Washington had funded, trained, and promoted the very elements that took to the streets in opposition to President Alexander Lukashenko. Belarusian opposition movement promoted the killing of Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko in a similar way to Muammar Qaddafi of Libya. RAND, US think tank published report with a dedicated section of the 354-page report dealt with “promoting regime change in Belarus.” with the objective to undermine Moscow’s proposed Eurasian Economic Union, complicating “any attempt to employ military force against the Baltic States,” and further isolating Kaliningrad,” the Russian exclave situated between Lithuania and Poland.Furthermore, there was little tangible public appetite for democratization. RAND cited a 2015 survey conducted by the Independent Institute for Socio-Economic and Political Research, which found that 78% of Belarusians believed regime change was “not worth people’s blood” and 70% “did not want a Ukrainian-style revolution.”“People don’t want more freedom. They want more government. They want the better life they used to have,” a Belarusian expert quoted in the report said in 2017. Trigering unrest in Belarus aiming at removing a long-standing Russian-allied dictator “could come in a variety of forms, ranging from public declarations of support by U.S. leaders to more direct financial and organizational assistance helping the opposition parties.” Promoting liberalization in Belarus was predicted to require European support, and given the bloc faced “a host of other challenges from Ukraine to refugees to Brexit,” Brussels [European Union] “might not want to add Belarus to the mix” and “rock the boat.” Still, there was perceived value to attempting to precipitate regime change even if the effort ultimately failed as such a campaign would “create apprehensions among Russian leaders,” making them “worry about the prospect of such a movement in their own country.” This would in turn prompt Moscow to reinforce its military presence and political influence within Belarus, burdening Russia with a “weak, corrupt dependency” and possibly even generating “some degree of local resistance,” the report approvingly suggested. Prior to this section of RAND’s report, U.S. policymakers subsequently is somewhat moot, given Washington had been engaged in precisely the destabilization efforts proposed therein, by way of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED). Founded in November 1983, then-U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Director William Casey was central to its creation. He sought to construct a public mechanism to support groups and individuals overseas to engage in propaganda and political action undermining “enemy” governments from within—activities historically organized and paid for clandestinely by the Agency—under the bogus aegis of democracy and human rights promotion. For example, during the Reagan administration’s brutal secret war against Nicaragua’s progressive Sandinista government during the 1980s, in which tens of thousands died, NED allocated millions of dollars to “civic opposition” entities—including La Prensa, the country’s primary anti-Sandinista newspaper. The CIA trained, funded, and armed the Sandinistas’ fascist opponents, the Contras. In particular, the Agency’s “Tayacan” manual on guerrilla warfare was highly influential, leading the group to incite mob violence, “neutralize” government officials and civilian leaders, and attack “soft targets” such as schools and hospitals, among other hideous atrocities. The NED funded at least 159 civil society initiatives in Belarus, costing $7,690,689, from 2016 to 2020 alone aiming at promoting Publicly available data indicates the NED funded at least 159 civil society initiatives in Belarus, costing $7,690,689, from 2016 to 2020 alone, coordinated with the Warsaw-based Belsat TV station promoting anti Lukashenko propaganda were behind the unrest aiming at regime change in Belarus. According to  investigative journalist Robert Parry  after the March 2014 Maidan coup, the NED bankrolled 65 projects in Ukraine in the years prior to that uprising. In September 1991, The Washington Post published an article on the subject of “spyless coups” abroad, in which it referred to the NED as the “sugar daddy of overt operations,” and noted that throughout the late 1980s, it had “dispensed money to anti-communist forces behind the Iron Curtain.” “Covert funding for these groups would have been the kiss of death, if discovered. Overt funding, it would seem, has been a kiss of life,” the newspaper concluded. NED funding has very clearly been a “kiss of life” to a large number of oft-dubious opposition actors within and without Belarus, in turn unleashing all manner of chaos—and what’s more, its “sugar daddy” status is now being challenged by a number of other spectral, malign Western actors. U.S. meddling in Belarus dates much further back than 2016. Five years earlier, an official White House press release on U.S.-Polish “efforts to advance democracy worldwide” had a dedicated section on the pair’s work to “pressure” the Lukashenko government and “support civil society,” which stated the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) would work with the Warsaw-based Belsat TV station “to develop content and programming on democracy education.” Founded in December 2007 by the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Belsat dubs itself “reminiscent of” U.S. propaganda outlets Radio Free Europe and Voice of America—assets of BBG [now U.S. Agency for Global Media]—describes its mission as “promoting democratization processes” in Minsk, and boasts that events in Ukraine “have shown Belsat TV has influenced the public opinion not only in Belarus, but elsewhere in the region, too.” On an official visit to Warsaw in late 2017, then-UK Prime Minister Theresa May allocated £5 million of UK funding to Polish organizations to “detect and counter the spread of Russian information operations,” with some of the money specifically earmarked for Belsat. UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) files leaked by hacktivist collective Anonymous shed

Bela
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The two main objectives aimed by the backers of the color revolution in Belarus

THE TWO MAIN OBJECTIVES AIMED BY THE BACKERS OF THE COLOR REVOLUTION IN BELARUS Undoubtedly, the ongoing protests in Belarus look like a color revolution theorized by the late Gene Sharp writings. A color revolution instrumentalizes the psyche of the youth in order to change regime and to topple heads of states targeted by the US and the European Union. A color revolution is heavily funded by a myriad of foundations and NGO themselves financed directly or indirectly by the US government and the EU states. To mobilize the youth, the backers of the Color revolution resort to sophisticated methods and techniques of modern propaganda meticulously studied and researched by the eminent Russian physiologist, influenced by Ivan Pavlov Russian School, Serge Tchakoutine in his seminal classic book “the rape of the masses by the political propaganda” The main trigger of color revolution consist in the contestation of presidential election results or increasing of prices of basic commodities in case of a severe economic crisis. The basic technique of color revolution is the civil disobedience and pacific gatherings organized generally in symbolic locations of the capital designed to form a crowd waving flags and chanting slogans against the authorities. A color revolution begins always peacefully with organizers seemly sympatric distributing cookies and flowers to the by passers. The second basic technique of color revolution is to provoke the police prompted to riposte with often wounded and dead protesters, triggering condemnation by the “international community” that is US and Europe By observing the events in Belarus since August 9 and the victory of the incumbent president Alesander Lukashenko, one can say without fooling oneself, this pacific country is undergoing in this time a color revolution. It is an open secret to say that Belarus and Lukashenko were since longtime targeted by color revolution backed by the US and Europe. The headquarter of Belarusian opposition propaganda is located in neighboring Poland. Poland’s Central Psychological Operations Group “King Stefan Báthory” is situated in Bydgoszcz. It is a city in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers. Currently, to make it seem less “offensive” and “harmless”, PsyOps are called “Information operations”. Similarly, to how the UK transitioned The question is to ask oneself what the backers of color revolution are looking for in this relatively tiny land. One element of the answer is easy to guess as Belarus is considered as a buffer zone against the advance of NATO towards the western Russian border. So Belarus is located in a strategically location viewed by the Kremlin as a bulwark against NATO expansionism The second element of the answer is less evident as Belarus is not Libya with huge oil and gas reserves. But Belarus has natural resources coveted by the western corporations: the forest attracting the West after Carpathians are cut down to zero now and the decimation of the Białowieża Forest World Heritage site, on the border between Poland and Belarus, which is an immense range of primary forest including both conifers and broadleaved trees covering a total area of 141,885 hectares.

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Totalitarianism according to the CIA sponsored western intelligentsia (2)

Totalitarianism according to the CIA sponsored western intelligentsia (2) The theorist who shaped the notion of totalitarianism sponsored by the CIA and the American foreign policy decision makers during the second anti-communist crusade initiated by Winston Churchill and Harry Truman was indisputably the renegade William Henry Chamberlain who was journalist during the Bolshevik revolution and who knew very well and frequented its leaders especially Lenin. After his turnabout and after becoming a renegade after the Second World War, he been recruited like all renegades and Trotskyists and had been enlisted like American and European intelligentsia in its struggle and ideological and psychosocial warfare against the Soviet Union and the International communism. like all renegades et especially those who were presents in Russia during the Interwar years was the preferred target of the CIA and the American foreign policy’s decisions makers. William Henry Chamberlain had been one the founding fathers of the second anti-communist crusade camouflaging under the expression of Cold war to make believe that there was war between two parties  while there was only one attacker trying desperately to crush the defender. Chamberlain found with one, like him, who was in Russia and knew its leaders in 1930s, Charles E . Bohlen, a novel academic discipline known as Kremlinology. In around Chamberlain-Bohlen circle,  orbited other anti-communist crusaders such  as George Kennan, Isaiah Berlin, A.A. Berle former Secretary of State general William Donovan former head of the OSS, ancestor of the CIA, Allen W . Dulles, OSS representative in Switzerland, Joseph C . Grew, and Arthur Bliss lane, former Ambassadors. William Chamberlain’s « theory » of totalitarianism had been exposed in his book  » America’s second crusade, Chicago, Illinois, Henry Regnery Company, 1950″ where he expressed his debt and his gratitude to the founding fathers of the American warmongers after the WWII. in his Chapter 2, titled Communism and fascism, Offspring of the war, Chamberlain drew the founding scheme of what would be the imaginative story of totalitarianism, invented out of nothing by well and garssely paid western intelligentsia enlisted by the CIA and its numerous hidden agencies with the double mission, denigrate the Soviet communism and promote the pax Americana. Chamberlain’s ideological scheme was going to serve as model for the CIA’s  propaganda tool and for its pen’s mercenary, for anti communist crusaders,  for the western intelligentsia, for the Schlesingers, for the Arendts and Arons, for the Talmons, generally for « kampgruppe, a fighting squad unequivocally pledged to toppling Communism » (F . Stonor Saunders, Who paid the piper, p. 77) Chamberlain’s ideological scaffolding of totalitarianism and its main features can be summed up as follows. Totalitarianism was offspring of the First World War the fathers founders of totalitalariansm were Vladimir Ilytich Lenin, Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler totalitarianism is a new type of plebeian dictatorship which had been begotten by the despair, brutalization and discarding of old economic forms and moral restraints associated to the First Wold War  Totalitarianism was a new kind of state based on the unlimited power of a single political party and this party regarded itself as an elite Totalirainsim is characterized by submission of the individual to a powerful state which paralyze and annihilate the dindivual’s will the all-powerfull and supposedly infaillible leaders who have been subject to no check or limit in law or public opinion Under Communism, fascism and nazism, only a single suling pary allowed to exist legally . parliaments in the Soviet Union, germany and Italy became mere rubber stamps for teh registration of the party décisions Under totalitarian regimes voting is virtually unanimous and altoghter meaningless no voice for independent criticism is ever heard Communism, fascism and nazism had teh monopole of propaganda, terrorism and flatetry of the masses. All three dictatrosphips developed very powerful methods for molding teh minds of the epople Under theri rule Under Communism, fascism and nazism there are Citizen, there aere only sub ject who had been envelopped in a cloud of state-directed propaganda; from the carddle to teh grave teh diea is drummed into his head through the newspapers, teh scholls, teh ardio, that he is living in the best of all possible wolrds, taht his highest glory and happiness are to be found in serving the existing regime. al open counetrpropaganda and free dsicusion are ibanned and impossible Those indivduals who arer not again convereted  the re was always the grim threta of the secrete political police, cheka, OGPU, NKVD, the MVD in Russia, gestapo in germany and teh Ovra in italy Under Communism, fascism and Nazism the Citizen enjoys not the slightest defense against the arbitrary violence of the state; he can be seized held in prison sent to a concentration camp, tortured killed all without the publicity which would inspire in some resisters the sprit of martyrdom more that his family exposed to reprisals if he falls into disfavour. A soviet law, published in the spring of 1934 authorizes the banishment « to remote parts of Siberia » of the relatives of a Soviet Citizen who leaves the country without permission Totalitarian secret police organizations habitually employ threats against relatives as a means of extorting confessions. Exaltation of militarism. Every soviet family, school, or political organization is in duty bound to instil in the Soviet youth from the earliest age those qualities necessary to the Red soldier : military sprit, a love of war, endurance, self-reliance and boundless loyalty; This statement appeared in Komsomol-skaya Pravda, official organ of the Soviet Union of Communist Youth on may 21, 1941. One of the reasons for abolishing coeducation in soviet elementary schools was to give boys an earlier start on military starting full government control of Labor power  in this field the original methods of the totalitarian regimes Communism started out as a violent social revolution expropriating all kinds of private property which profit was derived and confiscating almost all private wealth; Labor was organized, regimented and prorpagndized in very similar fashion Under all three regimes. The labor movement in russia, in germany and in Italy were run by Communist, Nazis and fascists . the individual worker came always second

Katyn massacre
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Katyn massacre : Another piece of nazi and anti-communist propaganda

Katyn massacre : Another piece of Nazi and anti-communist propaganda Katyn massacre, ostensibly evoked by all anti-communists and especially by the CIA sponsored « authors of totalitarianism », forms a part of the black legend of Stalinism making up out of nothing at the end of the Second World War and within the framework of Western crusade against the Soviet Union and generally against the communism over the world. The story of Alleged Katyn massacre began when first it was reported in April 1940 by the master and organizer  of Nazi Propaganda Goebbels and his controlled press and radio. This announcement had been relayed by western sponsored London Polish Government affirming that the German claim was true. Goebbels and his Polish Puppet alleged that about 8500 officers disappeared after the Russian began to break-up three camps containing Polish prisoners of war.  At Katyn, only men from one of the three Russian prison camps were found. Opinion in the Allied world agreed that the Poles had fallen into a Nazi trap. the question to be put is who was guilty. and who did kill the Polish officers. In January 1944, The Russians appointed a commission and invited the foreign correspondents to visit the scene where several hundreds of the bodies had been exhumed.  Foreign visitors among them Miss Kathleen Harriman daughter of U.S Ambassador Harriman, contended that the good condition of the bodies, uniforms belts and buttons made it scientifically impossible for them to have been there since march 1940 that is before July 1941 when the Germans overran the Smolensk region. After examination of literature related to katyn massacre, it appeared that there was no direct or credible evidence of Russian guilt but the Germans would have a more powerful motive for the crime confirmed by one first hand testimony, a Hungarian Ludwig victor von Tohathy then prisoner of war in the Marine hospital on Ellis island New York. In his long affidavit, he counted his experience in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp and being able to speak Russian he learned from some Russian war prisoners that they had been forced to bury 10 000 Polish officers who had been machinegunned by the Germans. Though there had no positive evidence in the case one thing we way be certain neither the Russians nor the Germans would have been interested in the survival of this key group of nationalistic Poles. it was notorious that the mania of the Germans for exterminating Polish leaders was amply demonstrated throughout the German occupation.  

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What is Totalitarianism ?

What is totalitarianism ? The first thing to do when we have to deal with the question of totaliatrianism is, as prealable, to  put aside all those received ideas, clicjés,  stereotypes and schèmes established and widespreaded in the aftermath of the Second Wordl War, by the paid and sposored CIA « authors of totaliatrianism » according to whom, totaliatrianism began with the nazi germany and the Stalinist Soviet Union  the first mistake committed by those paid   « the authors of totaliatrianism » is to spread the common schèmes of Democracy versus totaliatrianism and to oppose democratic governments to authoritarian and dictatorial governments. In order to well understand the real meaning and the real nature of totaliatrianism, it is necessary to start with the term which was at the origin of the cocnept of totaliatrianism, the term of « total war » a term coined in teh 1920s and 1930s.  

SACCO VNANZETTI
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American totalitarianism (2)

American totalitarianism (2) . In the Postwar years, the United States became literally has bees benne firmly established. As in totalitarian Europe, the United States witnessed in the aftermath of the war and during interwar years witnessed the same phenomenon as in Italy and Germany. The slogan « American way of life » was not so different from European racism. during the interwar years, the executive remains dictatorial as during as that during the war enjoyed by Wilson. With Herbert Hoover who came to the presidency in 1929 the executive had been strengthened and became more efficient. Nationalism and chauvinism which had been planted during the war sprouted in terrifying form. Like in Europe, these nationalism and chauvinism had been expressed by widespread hostility to foreigners and to foreign ideas as Well against the political opponents Inside the United States. The American racism and the hunt against all not America, against foreigners and foreign ideas were the same as that which were at the same time widespread in Europe. Aliens suspected of radical ideas and radical notions were rounded up and deported by the scores ; legislatures were « purged » of socialists and states tried to enforce loyalty to political and economic institutions by repressive legislations. like the European racist and chauvinist movements, there was their equivalent in the USA with the Ku Klux Klan which boasted a membership of millions dedicated itself to that notion of Aryan supremacy which European dictators were to take up a decade later in two notorious cases that of Mooney and Billins in California and of Sacco and Vanzetti in Massachusetts in both cases the victims were punished more for their radicalism than for any crimes proved against them. in the aftermath of the Second World War campaign for loyalty, conformity and hundred-per-cent Americanism reappeared in more virulent as it was the case the first World. Though the Communist party in the United States had at most seventy-five thousand members a number steadily diminishing a clamor arose for outlawing it and for a recklessly indiscriminate investigation of alleged disloyalty especially in the government, the press and the amusement Industry. The movement threatened basic civil rights and the Eugene Dennis secretary of the Communist party had been convicted and sentenced  in order to eradicate any disloyal and specially Communist activities two Committees had been set up : the House Committee on Un-American activities  in the Eightieth Congress and President Truman’s special Civil Rights Committee both of which reported in 1947. In the fall of 1946, Truman issued an executive order creating the President’s temporary commission on Employee Loyalty the following an elaborate machinery was created.  The Civil Service Commission established regional loyalty or subversive were giving hearings before a loyalty board with counsel Just after Truman’s election for second tenure in 1949 Eleven Communist leaders, the « Politburo » of the party were brought to trial in 1949 on the charge of violing the Smith Act of 1940 which made conspiracy to « advocate and teach » the violent overthrow of the government a crime the jury found all eleven defendants guilty and ultimately they went to jail  Alger Hiss head of the Carnegie Endowment for international Peace went on trial he was charged with perjury. After one jury disagreed another found Hiss guilty and sentenced to five years jail. The government deported a number of aliens charged with Communist activities

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