Étiquette : france

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Macron’s diplomatic gesticulations

Mar

The French president Macron who was in Dubai to attend the COP28 where he met with regional leaders on the sidelines, including Egyptian President Abdel Fattah Sisi, to discuss Israel-Hamas war will flight to Doha to meet with Qatari Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani the country hosting Hamas leadership. Following Hamas surprise attack on October 7, Macron was among the first European and American leaders to hurry running at full speed to Tel Aviv, meeting with Netanyahu and calling for the creation of International coalition aimed at fighting the Islamic organization. This laughable proposal has no chance of success for two principal reasons: the first reason, except the US and its European vassals, no Arab country in the Middle East could enter anti Hamas coalition, not that the Arab regimes are hostile to Israel, which are in reality US proxies like Europe, but the Arab populations are mostly hostile to Israel viewed as foreign body established in the midst of the Middle East to serve as outpost devoted to protect western interests in this region mainly the oil. The second reason, by proposing international coalition to fight Hamas, Macron was in sight the global coalition formed by the US and its European proxies pretending to fight DAESH and ISIS in Iraq and Syria. The global coalition was set up by Washington in 2015 not to really fight Daesh and ISIS but for geopolitical aims, undermining and containing Russian presence in the Middle East particularly in Syria where located Russian Air base at Kemeimin. On can see that the 2015, the year of creation of the pro western Global coalition was also the year Russia responded to the request made by Assad regime to fight ISIS and Daesh in this country. On can see also that the Russian armed forces eradicated ISIS and Daesh within only two years while the US led Global coalition is pretending 8 years later still fighting these two Islamic organizations( https://twitter.com/coalition?lang=fr). Macron’s trips and proposals are not but mere diplomatic gesticulations since France became a US colony in the aftermath of the WWII and since France abandoned its political and economic sovereignty inside European Union which initially was a Nazi project with Germany in the center according the slogan, Deutschland über Alles. Since October 7, everyone can see with his or her own eyes, France is controlled by a powerful pro Israeli lobby grouping both Jews and Christians.

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France waiting for Bazoum and his « constitutional order »

Afric

French President Emmanuel Macron said that since his country doesn’t recognize the Nigerien military government, any redeployment of its forces might be done only “at the request of President Bazoum.” This statement is unrealistic and cannot be realized in this moment amid mouting popular anger not only in Niger but in all French former colonies. The current standoff between Niamey and Paris and the still french support for ousted president Bazoum considered by the Nigeriens as traitor calling for foreign military intervention showed African people that their continent is still colonized by former colonizers and they have to fight once more for a new and real independence different from the so called independence of 1960s revealing the continuing of colonialism under other hidden forms. Two days ago, attempt of coup d’état failed in Burkina Faso involving three military officers who recognized their planned coup. Protesters in Ndjamena who took to the streets requesting the expulsion of the French soldiers stationed in Tchad following the murder of Tchadian soldier by a french doctor, the circumstances of the incident are not so far clear.France

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Long list of leader’s assassination in Africa

Africab

This claim of Italian former PM Giuliano must be considered as a serious warning to new military leadership in Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger. This failed attempt to assassinate Kadafi by France in 1980 shows that this former colonizer of Africa is ready to do everything possible within its power to keep its grips on her African colonies and steals its huge naturel resources, even by eliminating recalcitrant leader who do not want to be the puppet of foreign power. Since 1963, more than 22 African presidents, then in power, have been assassinated by France, many of them asserted their independence and refused to go along with the colonial power. The latest of these leaders being Muammar Gaddafi assassinated by Sarkozy regime. Most of the coups and assassinations were carried out by the SDECE, the DGSE and the DST. These are three French intelligence services that have the reputation of carrying out coups and murders in Africa. The DGSE is the main secret service abroad, which is charged with controlling the “Black-skinned governors”, the term France uses to describe African puppet president under its control. There is another DST (Direction of Homeland Security) which deals with the interior and exterior security of France. It is charged with protecting France from ‘the dangers of immigration’. The DST, which is a political police, cooperates with other political police belonging to dictatorships around the world. After the DGSE, the DST and the SDECE, there is the Directorate of Military Intelligence, the agency responsible for France’s military propaganda during conflicts in Africa. On January 13, 1963, Sylvanus Olympio, the first democratically elected president is assassinated by Sergeant Etienne Eyadema with the support of the French officer who was supposedly responsible for the security of Olympio.In the Central African Republic There was a promising statesman, Barthélemy Boganda mysteriously died on March 29, 1959, in an aerial disaster while traveling between Berberati and Bangui. The Central African Republic of David Dacko in the grip of serious financial crises (misappropriation of public funds) instead of reacting and acting quickly decides to hand over power to the Chief of Staff Colonel Jean Bedel Bokassa on 1 January 1966. In the Comoros two assassinated heads of state and two others deposed by mercenary Bob Denard. In Niger, the same day Nigerian leader Hamani Diori threatened to sell the country’s uranium to other countries for a better price than France was paying, he was deposed by a military coup in which he was brutally murdered. In Gabon, Germain Léon M’ba dies of a cancer in Paris at the hospital Claude Bernard on November 26, 1967. Like all properly educated African nationalists, he was against the idea that Gabon should be a puppet state controlled by France. M’ba enters active political life as early as 1960 and was immediately labelled as a “dangerous agitator” by French agents and politicians who were still in charge of the country’s security apparatus.M’ba was briefly overthrown by Jean-Hilaire Aubame with help from France. On February 19, 1964 under international pressure French paratroopers restored Léon M’ba to the presidency. M’ba resigned from his position to express his disapproval. On the night of September 18, 1971 Mr. Germain M’ba former ambassador in Bonn, who was also appointed in Tokyo, returned from the cinema accompanied by his wife and daughter. Mrs. M’ba and her daughter got out of the vehicle and entered the house. As Mr. M’ba closed the door, a man came out of the shadows and fired two shots killing him.

 

 

Here is the list of the assassinated African Presidents:

1963: SYLVANUS OLYMPIO, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. OF TOGO
1966: JOHN-AGUIYI IRONSI, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. OF NIGERIA
1969: ABDIRACHID-ALI SHERMAKE, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. OF SOMALIA
1972: ABEID-AMANI KARUMÉ, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. FROM ZANZIBAR
1975: RICHARD RATSIMANDRAVA, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. OF MADAGASCAR
1975: FRANÇOIS-NGARTA TOMBALBAYE, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. OF CHAD
1976: MURTALA-RAMAT MOHAMMED, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. FROM NIGERIA
1977: MARIEN NGOUABI, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. OF CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE
1977: TEFERI BANTE, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. ETHIOPIA
1981: ANOUAR EL-SADATE, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. FROM EGYPT
1981: WILLIAM-RICHARD TOLBERT, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. OF LIBERIA
1987: THOMAS SANKARA, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. OF BURKINA-FASO
1989: AHMED ABDALLAH, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. COMOROS
1989: SAMUEL-KANYON DOE, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. OF LIBERIA
1992: MOHAMMED BOUDIAF, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. ALGERIA
1993: MELCHIOR NDADAYÉ, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. FROM BURUNDI
1994: CYPRIEN NTARYAMIRA, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. OF BURUNDI
1994: JUVENAL HABYARIMANA, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. OF RWANDA
1999: IBRAHIM BARRÉ-MAINASSARA, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. OF NIGER
2001: LAURENT-DESIRED KABILA, PRESIDENT OF THE REP. CONGO-KINSHASA
2009: JOÃO BERNARDO VIEIRA, PRESIDENT OF GUINEA-BISSAU
2011: MOUAMMAR KHADAFI, PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBYA, ASSASSINED

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Ongoing coup d’état in Gabon

Gabon

After Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Niger and now Gabon, African continent is clearly in revolt against the French colonialism in western Africa in the Sahel region. Like in all African puppet regimes, ridiculed by Burkinabe’s young president per interim, Ibrahim Troaré during his seminal speech given in Saint Petersburg in July 27 in the framework of 2th summit Russia-Africa, Gabonese elections are rigged with the support of France to maintain in power its puppet president, Ali Bango Odimba after the long rule of his late father Omar Bango. The two main questions which arise now, (1) what would be the reaction of France’s puppet, the ECOWAS which is preparing for military intervention in Niger in order to remove the new military leadership from power, reinstating the ousted president Mohammed Bazoum and restoring the so called constitutional order; (2) what would be France’s reaction, the former colonial power which has already lost her footing in many of her former colonies in Mali, Burkina Faso, Central Africa, Guinea, Niger and now Gabon. It is worth noting, France has 6560 soldiers stationed there and numerous military bases located in Africa in the framework of OPEX(foreign operations) that cost to French taxpayers 1,4 billion euros per year. Giving the ongoing events in Africa, it is worth reading this seminal book of revolutionary Franz Fanon, “the African revolution” follow on @elmir1975

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Blog capitalism Propaganda

DICTATURE DE LA DEMOCRATIE AU VENEZUELA VERSUS DICTATURE DU CAPITAL EN FRANCE

France vene

Étymologiquement parlant, la démocratie est le gouvernement du peuple, par le peuple et par le peuple. Ce dimanche ont lieu des élections régionales et municipales au Venezuela considéré par le bastion du capitalisme mondial, États Unis et Europe comme dictature exercée par un tyran appelé Nicolas Maduro selon les médias de propagande. En France, la campagne de lavage des cerveaux des électeurs(du moins ceux qui croient encore à la mascarade électoraliste) commence à préparer le duel attendu comme en 2017, celui de la peste et du choléra du deuxième tour de l’élection présidentielle d’avril 2022.

Au Venezuela, ce dimanche 21 novembre,21.159.846 électeurs(trices) pourront déposer leur vote secret avec double vérification (vote électronique + vote en papier pour audit postérieur si nécessaire) dans un des 14.262 bureaux de vote, en présence de 262.284 témoins de tous les partis. Les électeurs auront à élire 70.244 candidat(e)s. Il s’agit du 29ème scrutin organisé dans le pays depuis l’élection de Hugo Chávez en décembre 1998. c’est la première fois depuis 2007 que les partis d’opposition (dont l’extrême droite) présentent près de 67162 candidat(e), soit 96% du total. Mouvement unitaire, le chavisme ne présente que 3082 candidat(e)s, soit 4%. Il y a donc près de 22 candidat(e)s d’opposition pour chaque candidat(e) chaviste. Ces « méga-élections » concernent 3.082 postes dans tout le pays : 23 postes de gouverneur(e), 335 postes de maire(sse), 253 postes de législateur(trice) régional(e) et 2.471 postes de conseiller(ère) municipal(e).

Conseil National électoral

Le régime représentatif connu en Occident ne saurait être qualifié de démocratie, car ce n’est pas le peuple qui gouverne mais ses représentants qui représentent les intérêts du capital et non ceux du peuple proprement dit. L’État et le gouvernement dans le capitalisme sont là pour maintenir le système de l’exploitation de la force de travail par le capital. Le modèle accompli dans le capitalisme est celui des États Unis d’Amérique qui ont instauré une dictature qui ne dit pas son nom dans le seul but de protéger les intérêts du capital soit par la manipulation des masses soit par le recours à la force brute pour réprimer toutes tentatives de renversement du système capitaliste. D’ailleurs, ce modèle de dictature américain fait des émules sur le continent européen avec l’instauration de la dictature napoléonienne en France qui a mis fin à l’intermède révolutionnaire des sans culottes, du régime de Robespierre, au babouvisme et à l’hébertisme.

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Blog

FRANCE’S GEOPOLITICAL GAME IN LEBANON TO COUNTER TURKEY

Fr tur

FRANCE’S GEOPOLITICAL GAME IN LEBANON TO COUNTER TURKEY

On August 6, only two days after the deadly explosion that literally destroyed Beirut’s port and ravaged a large part of the Lebanese capital, killing 190 people, injuring another 6,500 and leaving 300,000 citizens homeless,  French President Emmanuel Macron has made his first trip to Lebanon before returning for the second time in less than a month. According to a World Bank, the damages caused by the explosion could be between $6.7 billion and $8.1 billion in total in addition to a crippling financial crisis.

After landing on August 31, Macron announced clearly the main objective of his second visit aimed to avoid Lebanon ending up “in the hands of the vileness of the regional powers” and to prevent the country from falling into a new civil war. What did Macron mean by “the hands of evilness of the regional powers”? Those regional powers are Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Iran, which are competing to carve out an area of influence in this tiny country of 10000m² and barely seven million inhabitants.

Macron’s declared objective is to provide financial assistance to Lebanese people following the deadly explosion but his undeclared objective is to reaffirm France’s former colonies as its spheres of influence, to protect and to guarantee the French political and commercial interests, not only in the East Mediterranean, but also in the Middle East. This is occurring most notably in Africa, where it is currently challenging Turkish attempts to spread its interests. By gaining a foothold in Lebanon, Macron can weaken Turkish attempts to become the gatekeeper of the Sunni stronghold of north Lebanon.

Turkey’s activities are centered around the northern port of Tripoli, a stronghold of Sunni political Islam and an urban center for the Lebanese Sunni population. As such, the area is a natural focus for Turkey. The Akkar Governorate, home to Lebanon’s tiny Turkmen minority, is also an area of interest.

Turkey seeks to leverage both its Sunni Islamist credentials to appeal to Sunni Arab populations, and where relevant its Turkic ethnicity to appeal to Turkic remnant populations in the Levant. Available evidence suggests that in Lebanon, a similar pattern is being followed. Turkey has been working slowly and assiduously, via NGOs and government relief organizations such as the Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency – TIKA to establish its foothold in the country. On July 4 two Turkish and two Syrian citizens on a flight to Lebanon from Turkey were arrested as they attempted to smuggle $4 million into the country. Lebanese Interior Minister Mohammed Fahmi claimed that the money was intended to finance street-level protests against the Lebanese government. As of now, however, the first signs are emerging that Sunni Islamist Turkey is seeking to fill the vacuum, and to recruit the Lebanese Sunni street to its banner.

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Guerre psychologique contre les gilets jaunes en France

Gilet jaune photo

GUERRE PSYCHOLOGIQUE CONTRE LES GILETS JAUNES EN FRANCE

Pour ceux qui ont suivi attentivement le mouvement des Gilets jaunes depuis le 17 novembre, l’Etat ne cesse d’utiliser une arme d’une redoutable efficacité : LA GUERRE PSYCHOLOGIQUE. La première condition de la guerre psychologique est le contrôle des mass médias. cette condition est remplie par leur contrôle par les 9 milliardaires qui, en publiant 17 000 articles dans les journaux soutenus par les télévisions et les radios privées et publiques, ont réussi à fabriquer de toutes pièces un pantin, qui ne doit son élection qu’à la présence de Le Pen au deuxième tour. l’objectif de la guerre psychologique à laquelle l’Etat recourt à côté de la repression, est de décourager l’adversaire en face pour le neutraliser et l’abattre sans tirer une seule cartouche. les chiffres donnés par le ministère de l’intérieur, ce sont des chiffres bidonnés destinés non pas à refléter la réalité sur le terrain de la mobilisation mais de décourager le plus grand nombre de personnes mobilisées. En 1928, le neveu de Sigmund Freud, Edward BERNAYS publia son célèbre livre, devenu le livre de chevet du ministre de la propagande nazie, Goebbels, « PROPAGANDA » qui est l’outil indispensable pour le fonctionnement de la démocratie où électeurs et consommateurs doivent être manipulés psychologiquement pour voter dans un sens et pas dans un autre sens et acheter tel produit et pas d’autres produits. pour résumer ce qu’est réellement la démocratie dont on nous rebat les oreilles 24 H sur 24, la politique dans la démocratie moderne, ce que McDonalds est à la bouffe. .Aujourd’hui, avec l’internet et les réseaux sociaux, le pouvoir de la propagande officielle et la guerre psychologique qui étaient le seul monopole des Etats est battu en brèche. conséquence, le peuple a découvert le secret de la guerre psychologique à juger par ce geste ô combien symbolique mené par les Gilets Jaunes devant les médias officiels. signe que le peuple sait identifier son vrai ennemi qui est la première étape vers des changements révolutionnaires qui marqueront l’histoire française.
FAOUZI ELMIR
Mots-clés : Gilets jaunes, France, guerre psychologique, révolte populaire, propagande
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Archives Histoire

Who really resisted Nazism and fascism during the WWII (2)

ELAS

Who really resisted Nazism and fascism during the WWII(2)

The resistance movement in Europe during WWII  played an important part in defeating Nazi Germany’s military might. The resistance movements – Europe’s secret armies or partisans .  were found in all Nazi-occupied countries, also occurred in Poland, Yugoslavia, Greece and Rumania. Within Western Europe, many would-be resistance fighters joined the communist resistance simply because it was seen as being the most successful. According to Jean-Louis Charles, Right from the start, communist resistance achieved a remarkable cohesion and efficiency because they had long been used to working underground.”   It is ridiculous and non sense to say, contrary to false insinuation uttered by the dominant anti-communist historiography, that the Communist resistance began only  in June 1941 with the starting of Operation Barbarossa and by order of Stalin.  What it would be fair to say that at the beginning, for fear of communism and in order to thwart the communist influence and to prevent any potential communist leading role in social unrest and social revolution, the ruling class in Britain, in the United States did its best by setting up rival anti-communist groups whose aim was less to combat  Nazi occupation than to resist the communist resistance itself. The French and British Munichards and the ruling class in the United States had done their best before the war, by allowing Nazi Germany’s rearmaments, by financial relief for War settlement obtained thanks to the two American Plans Dawes and Young, with the sole objective, helping Hitler to smash Bolshevism and to conquer the Soviet Union. the great landowners, aristocrats industrialists, bankers, high churchmen army leaders magnates of very kind in western Europe and the United States had never lost their fear of their own workers and peasants who might be the fuel for social revolution, perhaps one spearheaded and organized by communists. Paris and London sought to speed Hitler’s march and helped place within his grasp the necessary power for an attack upon the Soviet Union by opening the Balkans required to feed the Nazi war machine. Western elite’s support of Nazism and fascism was conceived as a force which would defeat communism and this support could explain the lack of fighting in the West during the winter but also the rise of communist resistance as natural and logical response to Nazism and fascism. Annie Lacroix-Riz’s new book, « les élites françaises de 1940 à 1944, de la collaboration avec l’Allemagne à l’alliance américaine », available since April 26 and of which I’m preparing a review, explains and exposes, thanks to its abundant archives research, how the French elites had actively collaborated not only after the 1940’s Blitzkrieg but since Hitler’s accession to the power in Germany in January 1933.

The history of the Second World War give us many examples showing that the hidden objective of the ruling class in the United states and Britain was not at all the defeat of Nazism and fascism in Europe but only to prevent the spread of communism on the continent and the conquest of power by the communist movements of resistance. First example is Italy. After Mussolini’s fall on July 25, 1943, American and British ruling class intervened in Italy in order to prevent the taking of power by communist resistance and the return of the Italina Communist leader Palmiro Togliattiwho had been in exile in Moscow during the Fascist era,  . After rebuffing the strong popular demand for the king’s abdication, they set up a government led by Marshal Bodoglio and Churchill in an address on February 22, 1944, gave the King support. In order to keep safe from communism in Italy, the Anglo-American ruling class deferred social and economic reform and instead of welcoming the Italian resistance fighters in the North as brothers, the first thing that they did was they disarmed them wherever as republicans and reds who migyhr cause trouble.

In Greece,  on December 3, 1944, after sixty-three days of fighting, Churchill crushed the communist resistance of EAM, a political movement of resistance against the German invaders and paved the way to civil war in Athens.  Churchill, took personal charge of its suppression by supporting general Vendiras who was bitterly anti-communist  and organized a new third brigade often called the Mountain brigade  with British backing on a purely royalist basis . In Greece, EAM had swept nearly the whole country but in order to thwart this popular and strong communist movement of resistance, Churchill helped the formation of a rival movement grouping Conservatives and Rightists who created with the of British General Scobie, after the British troops landed in Greece at the of September 1944, the Royalists Greek Brigade, the New National Guard. On December 4, 1944, Churchill decided in lieu of King George, the setting up of new Cabinet led by Themostocles Sofoulis.

 

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Who really resisted Nazism and fascism during the WWII (1)

De gaule church

Who really resisted Nazism and fascism during the WWII (1)

If the French is not a myth but a reality witnessed by the history of this period where France was under Nazi occupation, in the other hand, the lion’s share attributed to  Gaullist resistance in the dominant historiography  is of course a mere mythology owing to its main objective consisting of hiding or at least of minimizing the key and determinant role played by Communist resistance in the liberation of France from the Nazi occupation. This historical bias and the willingness to falsify the history of this period can be easily understood in the framework of  the Pax Americana and the United States anti-Communist Second Crusade in the aftermath of the WWII. The new book of the French historian Annie Lacroix-Riz whose new book « les élites françaises de 1940 à 1944, de la collaboration avec l’Allemagne à l’alliance américaine » throwing a new light on this period of the French history might give us in the same the time the main reasons underpinning the mythology of the Gaullist resistance and even behind it, British and American resistance against the « Anti-Comintern Pact » grouping German Nazi, Fascist Italy and imperialist Japan. In the following posts, I’m going to review Annie Lacroix-Riz’s new book and I will try to show its importance both from epistemogical and historical stand-point.

At First, the Gaullist resistance must be dealt with in its relationships to its British and American begetters and their hidden strategy by entering the Second World War. Of course, Britain had been attacked by Hitler who failed to invade as was the case with France. In this case, one can perfectly the resistant posture of Winston Churchill as resister against Nazi invasion of his country. But Churchill’s aim, that of his predecessor premier the appeaser, Neville Chamberlain and the British establishment general which had compromised and even encouraged and actively helped Hitler take the power in Germany had their own hidden agenda which was the crushing the Bolshevism and the Soviet Union.  Frankly, after 1940’s Blitzkrieg, the first that mattered for the ruling class and the political establishment in London and Paris was not at all the resistance against Hitler and Nazi Germany but to prevent a social and communist revolution inside France and Britain, refereeing to the Russian case during the WWI.  After the Blitzkrieg, London and Paris did not want to fight Hitler because France and Britain did no want destroy authoritarian systems, Nazism in Germany and fascism in Italy considered as the principal rampart  against the Soviet regime in Moscow. The Collaboration between Nazi Germany Fascist Italy and the so called western democracies did not date only from Hitler’s Blitzkrieg but it went back to the Bolshevik revolution and during the interwar Years period.  After the blitzkrieg of 1940, the ruling class both in France,  in Britain and in the United States continued its economic, military and political collaboration with Nazi Germany and it perpetuated its  policy of appeasement which was practiced before the war and since Hitler accession to power in Germany. How did we explain the posture of the conservative British Government under the conservative leader Winston Churchill who in the midst of  s desperate war, committed, according the Beveridge Report drafted in 1942, to implement a comprehensive welfare state and full employment if not by the fear of social and communist revolution inside Britain as it was the case in Russia during the First World War ? In short words, the resistance of Western statesmen in the United States, in Britain and in France is a mere mythology, because it was unconceivable that the ruling class in these countries might resist and combat Nazism and Fascism, those regimes with which they share  the same beliefs, the same prejudices, and the same convictions on the superiority of the white races over other non European races.

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Rethinking the History with Annie Lacroix-Riz (1)

DSCN0331

Rethinking the History with Annie Lacroix-Riz (1)

« Les élites françaises entre 1940 et 1944 »,

« de la collaboration avec l’Allemagne à l’alliance américaine » , Paris, Armand Colin, 496 pages, available on April 26, 2016

 

« The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force. The class which has the means of material production at its disposal, has control at the same time over the means of mental production, so that thereby, generally speaking, the ideas of those who lack the means of mental production are subject to it. The ruling ideas are nothing more than the ideal expression of the dominant material relation relationships, the dominant material relationships grasped as ideas ; hence of the relationships which make the one class the ruling one, therefore, the ideas of its dominance…Insofar, therefore, as they rule as a class and determine the extent and compass of an epoch, it is self-evident that they do this in its whole range, hence among other things rule also as thinkers, as producers of ideas, and regulate the production and distribution of the ideas of their age : thus their ideas are the ruling ideas of the epoch« 

I’m sorry for this long quotation extract from Karl Marx’s « The German ideology », that I consider as the main principle that we must keep in mind for answering the question :  why reading the new book of  Annie Lacroix-Riz  » les élites françaises entre 1940 et 1944, de la collaboration avec l’Allemagne à l’allianace américaine »   » To be entirely clear,  this Marx’s famous assertion must be usefully completed by an intrinsically and  logically one,  that if it is true , the dominant ideas in every epoch is the ideas of the ruling class, it is also true that these dominant ideas of the ruling class had through the history and still today have their challengers, their swashbucklers, their overthrower and their grave-digger. Through the intellectual history, we can witness numerous cases of those heretics and refractors who firmly and courageously challenged the dominant ideas of their epoch and even they risked their own skin. The intellectual history provide us with several cases demonstrating the challenge opposed by Freethinkers to the dominant ideas of their epoch. I will pick out two names of freethinkers. The Italian Dominican friar , Giordano Bruno(1548-1600) had been considered as heretic by the Roman Inquisition and tried  for his cosmological theories offending the dominant Catholic tenet. Being found guilty, Bruno was burned in 1600 at the stake in Rome’s Campo de Fiori.  After his death, his cosmological theory on the infinity of the universe and the lack of celestial body at its centre has been confirmed. Marx was another example in the history of free thought. Karl Marx is another example of Free thinker who challenged the dominant ideas of his epoch and paved the way for rethinking otherwise the bourgeois society, its political economy and the history made by and through the class struggle. the high price paid for his free thinking was permanent persecution and exile from Brussels, to Paris and to London where he lived thank to financial aid of his friend Friedrich Engels and where he dead in the extreme need. We Know how Marxist thought became the driving force for all revolutionary and nationalist movements in their struggle against the Western imperialism all over the world and how it found its full achievement in the Russian revolution of 1917 and in the foundation of the first state in the history appealing to Marx and Lenin learning as ideological and political canvas of the newly Soviet regime.

At these two names choose among the free thinkers in the past, I would to add two other names who are my contemporaries too, that I consider as heroic resisters to the sirens and the trumpet of dominant ideas and the ambient intellectual conformism : The Italian philosopher Domenico Losurdo and the French historian, Annie Lacroix-Riz. Of course, only a careful and patient  reading of their abundant production could convince you of the relevance of my choose Here,, my focus concerns the historian Annie Lacroix-Riz at the occasion of his new book,  » Les élites françaises de 1940 à 1944, de la collaboration avec l’Allemagne à l’alliance américaine » whose review will be made in three parts and in reference to a precedent book  » Industriels et banquiers français sous l’occupation, 2013, first edition 1999) ,  which could help understanding the author’s core thesis.

 

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